Report Transparently and Translate Without Spin

Make the report auditable

A research report should let a reader understand why the study was needed, what was planned, what was done, what was found, and how far the conclusions can travel. Use a title that names the design when helpful and an abstract that reports balanced methods and results, not only favorable findings. The introduction establishes the evidence gap and ends with the objective or hypothesis. Methods identify design, setting, dates, participants, recruitment, intervention or exposure, comparator, outcomes, instruments, sample-size basis, ethics, registration, and analysis. Results follow participant flow and prespecified outcomes with denominators, estimates, intervals, missing data, and harms. Discussion interprets magnitude, bias, consistency, directness, limitations, and implications. Readers should be able to separate observation from author judgment.